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"The [Boston] bombings were in retribution for the U.S. crimes in places like Iraq and Afghanistan [and] that the victims of the Boston bombing were collateral damage, in the same way innocent victims have been collateral damage in U.S. wars around the world." -Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, on the motive of the Boston Marathon bombings

Tamerlan Anzorovich Tsarnaev and Dzhokhar Anzorovich "Jahar" Tsarnaev were both the perpetrators of the April 15, 2013, bombings at the 2013 Boston Marathon, which killed three people and wounded at least 264 others.

Tamerlan
Tamerlan was born on October 21, 1986, in Kalmykia, then called the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. As a child, he lived in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan, with his family, but they later moved to Makhachkala, Dagestan, in 2001. Sometime in 2002, he moved to the U.S. under "derivative asylum status" when his father Anzor applied for asylum out of fear of persecution due to his ties to Chechnya; in March 2007, he and the rest of his family were legal permanent residence. During that time, Tamerlan had settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Upon his arrival to the U.S., Tamerlan attended Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, later applying to the University of Massachusetts at Boston, but he was rejected. He then attended Bunker Hill Community College as a part-time student for three terms between 2006 and 2008, but later dropped out to concentrate on boxing. Sometime in 2007, Tamerlan assaulted a Brazilian boy who was dating his younger sister Bella for about two years, with a high-school friend of Bella's saying that Tamerlan was motivated by the fact that the boy was not a Muslim. During 2008, Tamerlan became a devout Muslim, dropping his drinking and smoking habits and regularly attending the Islamic Society of Boston mosque near his home. According to a longstanding critic of the mosque, it allegedly supported anti-West rhetoric and distrust of law enforcement. From 2007 to 2010, he dated an American citizen named Katherine Russell, who converted to Islam in 2008; according to friends, he often verbally abused her. In 2009, he was, by that time, an aspiring heavyweight boxer and won a few boxing trophies. On July 28, Tamerlan was arrested at his home for aggravated domestic assault and battery after he allegedly assaulted a different girlfriend, who described him as trying to force her to convert to Islam and being very controlling over what she wore and whom she associated herself with. In the spring of 2010, Russell became pregnant with Tamerlan's daughter and dropped out of college to marry him on June 21, 2010.

In December of 2010, Russian security forces were made aware of Tamerlan after Russian-Canadian boxer and Muslim extremist William Plotnikov was allegedly revealed to be one of his contacts. In early 2011, the Russian Federal Security Service informed the FBI of Tamerlan's following of extremism, stating that he might be preparing to leave the U.S. and join unspecified underground terrorist groups. Though the FBI interrogated him and several relatives, no evidence of potential terrorist activity was turned up, and the case was closed after the Federal Security Service failed to respond to a request by the FBI for more specific information. In late 2011, he and his mother Zubeidat were placed on the CIA's Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment database. In January 2012, Tamerlan traveled to Russia and then returned exactly six months later. Among the places he visited in the country was the North Caucasas, which was well-known for its presence of separatist movements, ethnic rivalries, extremist Islamist ideology, and militant Islamic activity. It has been assumed that he received training, likely from there, and also became radicalized. Russian reports stated that Dagestan police spotted him making six visits to a known Islamic militant in a mosque that was founded by an associate of Ayman al-Zawahiri, the current leader of the Islamist terrorist organization Al-Qaeda following the death of its founder Osama bin Laden. Tamerlan was also said to be linked to William Plotnikov and 19-year-old Makhmud Mansur Nidal, a suspected recruiter for Islamist insurgents. When both Plotnikov and Nidal were killed, he allegedly fled Russia out of fear of being discovered himself, leaving the country two days after Nidal was killed by police. However, his quick departure attracted Russia's attention, as he stated to have traveled there to pick up his new Russian passport, which he didn't do. Tamerlan returned to the U.S. on May 17, 2012, and had since then began asserting his extremist beliefs.

After returning, Tamerlan created a YouTube channel with playlist links to two videos tagged under the category of "Terrorists"; one of these videos involved Amir Abu Dujana, a.k.a. "Robin Hood", who was a commander of a small Islamist group in the Kizilyurt district, later being killed in battle in late December of 2012. The channel also had links to jihadi videos, some of which were created by controversial Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad. Tamerlan was also stated to have frequently read Muslim extremist websites, including the Inspire online magazine, which was infamous for being influential towards its audience and for inspiring numerous terrorists, both international and domestic, some of whom reportedly used the magazine's bomb-making instructions to create the weapons they used in their attacks. During 2012 and the time of the bombings, Tamerlan was unemployed, and his wife was forced to work 70 hours a week as a home healthcare aide to support the family while he took care of their daughter. In November, after seeing a sign that was advertising Thanksgiving turkeys, Tamerlan allegedly confronted a shopkeeper near a mosque that he frequented, which was at a Middle Eastern grocery store in Cambridge, Massachusetts, angrily shouting that the sign was "not right". During that same month, he also stood up and challenged a sermon after he promoted celebrating Independence Day and Thanksgiving simultaneous to traditional Muslim holidays. In January 2013, he made similar challenges at another mosque in Cambridge during Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, where he objected to the speaker's comparison of the Muslim Prophet Muhammad to famous civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Tamerlan was then shouted down by other members of the congregation and asked to not return to the mosque unless he learned to refrain himself from making objections towards sermons. It has also been reported that this wasn't the first time that Tamerlan disrupted a sermon in that particular mosque.

Dzhokhar
Dzhokhar was born in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan, on July 22, 1993. As a child, he lived in Tokmok with his family, but they later moved to Makhachkala, Dagestan, in 2001 when he was eight years old. In April 2002, he went to the U.S. with his parents on a tourist visa for 90 days, but his other siblings, including Tamerlan, stayed behind. There, his parents founded a company called Credit Collections Bureau, which is currently located in North and South Dakota. The entire family then settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and became permanent U.S. citizens in March 2007; Dzhokhar then became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 11, 2012 (coincidentally the eleven-year anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks), while he was still attending college. He attended Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, a local public high school, where he was an avid wrestler, being the captain of his high-school wrestling team and a Greater Boston League winter all-star wrestler. In 2011, Dzhokhar graduated from Cambridge Rindge and Latin and enrolled in the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth in North Dartmouth in September with a major in marine biology, stating that he wanted to become a dentist. Acquaintances in college have described Dzhokhar as being "normal" and popular. Dzhokhar was active on several social-network websites, including the Russian-language VK (where he posted links to Islamic websites, videos of fighters in the Syrian civil war, and pages advocating Chechnya's independence) and Twitter (where he allegedly made a post during the 2012 Boston Marathon, in which it mentioned a Koran verse that is often used by radical Muslims). In 2012, his car was investigated by Arlington Heights police officers during an investigation into a report of underage drinking. During the time of the bombings, Dzhokhar was a sophomore who lived in the university's Pine Dale Hall dormitory and was struggling academically, having received a total of seven failing grades, including F's; he was also selling marijuana in order to make money.

The Bombings and Investigation
On April 15, 2013, the 2013 Boston Marathon began after spending 26 seconds of silence in honor of the victims killed during the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre. A total of 23,336 competitors hailing from all 50 U.S. states, plus Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico, as well as 92 other countries, participated in the marathon. At 2:49:43 p.m., almost two hours after the winners of the marathon completed the race, with more than 5,700 runners still running, a bomb exploded outside the Marathon Sports sporting goods retailer store located at 671-673 Boylston Street, wounding dozens of people. Fourteen seconds after the first explosion, a second bomb exploded one block farther west at 755 Boylston Street, claiming more victims. Both bombs blew out windows on adjacent buildings, but didn't cause any structural damage. At least 264 people were wounded in the bombings, while three spectators were killed: restaurant manager Krystle Marie Campbell, Chinese national Lü Lingzi, and eight-year-old Martin William Richard. Rescue workers and emergency personnel, who were already present at the scene to assist runners and spectators, (as well as members of the Massachusetts National Guard) immediately rushed medical aid to the wounded victims immediately after the two explosions.

The marathon was halted abruptly, and police officers diverted the remaining participants from the finish line to Boston Common and Kenmore Square, while several buildings were evacuated as a precaution. Officers then closed down a fifteen-block area encompassing the site of the explosions, although it was later reduced to twelve blocks by the next day. In the chaos of the immediate aftermath of the bombings, initial reports gave out confusing preliminary details: some stated that other explosives were found at the site of the explosions (these turned out to be backpacks and other bags dropped by spectators as they fled, although a controlled explosion was performed at the 600 block of Boylston Street), while others reported that there was a possible third bombing at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Dorchester (this turned out to be an unrelated electrical fire). As a precaution, transportation services were either halted or rerouted. An investigation into the bombings was launched, led by the FBI and also consisting of the ATF, the CIA, the NCC, and the DEA agencies, which would culminate in the identification of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar. During the investigation, it had been judged that there were no intelligence reports at the time that indicated a high probability of a terrorist attack such as the bombings, and they were able to deduce the type of bombs used and their construction.

Identification, Shooting and Gunfight
At 5:20 p.m. on April 18, three days after the bombings, the FBI held a press conference, showing photographs and security footage of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar surveying the marathon, both wearing a large backpack and nonchalantly walking in a single-file formation, asking for the public's assistance in identifying them. They then added that Tamerlan and Dzhokhar (referred to in the conference as Suspects 1 and 2, respectively, or simply "Black Hat" and "White Hat") "acted differently" after the blasts, remaining at the scene to survey the damage before casually walking away, rather than fleeing like everyone else, which further added to the suspicion on them. In response to the news conference, multiple photographs and homemade movies were provided by the public, all of which were scrutinized by both the police and online public social networks. Also, Jeff Bauman, one of the wounded victims who lost both of his legs in the bombings, gave a description of one of the bombers to investigators, stating that he saw him place a backpack beside him approximately two-and-a-half minutes prior to the explosion. However, despite all of the evidence being provided for a physical description for both bombers, Tamerlan and Dzhokhar were not formally identified by authorities until they committed a string of crimes in nearby Cambridge, just a few hours after the press conference was held.

At 10:48 p.m., Tamerlan and Dzhokhar went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where they opened fire on 27-year-old Sean Collier, an officer with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department, who was seated in his police car while on-campus. He was struck by multiple bullets and gravely wounded. The brothers then tried to steal his police-issued pistol, but were unable to get it out of its holster due to its retention system, and were forced to flee. Collier was later taken to Massachusetts General Hospital, where he was declared dead. Following Collier's shooting, the brothers then allegedly carjacked a Chinese national named Danny, who was taken hostage by Tamerlan and forced to drive his Mercedes-Benz SUV while Dzhokhar followed in the brothers' green Honda Civic. During the carjacking, Tamerlan confessed to Danny that he and his brother were responsible for the bombings and Collier's shooting. Allegedly, the brothers "decided spontaneously" to travel to New York City and attack Times Square. Danny was then forced by them to withdraw $800 in cash using his ATM cards, until the daily cash-withdrawal limit was reached, and later, his SUV was used to hold several items belonging to the brothers that were transferred from the Honda. Finally, Danny was able to escape Tamerlan and Dzhokhar when they stopped at a gas station, fleeing to a second gas station located across the street. He left his cell phone in the SUV, which enabled the police to track it, and therefore the brothers.

On April 19, shortly after midnight, a police officer in nearby Watertown spotted and identified Tamerlan and Dzhokhar driving the Honda and the stolen SUV, both of which had been placed in an all-points bulletin. Police pursued them to the 100 block of Laurel Avenue, where a gunfight ensued at around 12:30 a.m. During the shootout, approximately 200-300 bullets were fired by both the brothers and police officers, while the brothers also flung a pressure cooker bomb and several "crude grenades". The gunfight lasted for approximately ten minutes, during which both brothers were shot several times. When Tamerlan ran out of ammunition, he was tackled him to the ground. Dzhokhar retreated back to the stolen SUV and drove towards Tamerlan and the police officers, running the former over and dragging him a short distance down the street. He then sped off, but abandoned the SUV about a half-mile away, escaping on foot. Tamerlan was recaptured by police and taken to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, where he was declared dead; a death certificate would later verify the cause of his death as gunshot wounds and blunt trauma. A total of sixteen police officers suffered injuries related to the shootout; one of these officers, Richard H. Donahue, Jr., of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, suffered the most critical wounds (which were presumed by the Boston Globe to have been caused by friendly fire), losing almost all of his blood and being kept alive by CPR when his heart stopped for 45 minutes.

Modus Operandi
The Tsarnaev brothers used homemade bombs with pressure cookers as containers (called "pressure cooker bombs") when they attacked the 2013 Boston Marathon. These bombs were fitted with shrapnel consisting of bits of metal, nails, and ball bearings, and were detonated through long-range remote controls used for toy cars. When they killed MIT police officer Sean A. Collier, they shot him repeatedly with a 9mm Luger semiautomatic pistol. During the Watertown shootout, they used the same pistol, as well as one further pressure cooker bomb and several "crude grenades".

Fatalities

 * September 11, 2011, Waltham, Massachusetts :
 * Brendan Mess, 25
 * Erik Weissman, 31
 * Raphael Teken, 37
 * 2013:
 * April 15, Boston, Massachusetts: The Boston Marathon bombings:
 * Krystle Marie Campbell, 29
 * Lü Lingzi, 23
 * Martin William Richard, 8
 * April 18, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sean A. Collier, 27
 * April 19, Watertown, Massachusetts: Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26

Injuries

 * 2013:
 * April 15, Boston, Massachusetts: The Boston Marathon bombings:
 * Heather Abbott, 38
 * Ascer Barlatier, 35
 * Jeff Bauman, Jr., 27
 * Erika Brannock, 29
 * Karen Brassard, 51
 * Krystara Brassard, 20
 * Ron Brassard, 51
 * Kaitlynn Cates, 25
 * Liza Cherney
 * Jenny Chung
 * Jarrod Clowery, 35
 * Celeste Corcoran, 47
 * Kevin Corcoran
 * Sydney Corcoran, 17
 * James Costello
 * J.P. Craven, 24
 * Mery Daniel, 31
 * Zhou Danling
 * Adam Davis, 33
 * Pete DiMartino, 28
 * Jessica Downes, 32
 * Patrick Downes, 30
 * Darrel Folkert, 42
 * Marc Fucarile, 34
 * Alvaro Galvis, 62
 * Martha Galvis, 60
 * Sarah Girouard, 20
 * Rebekah Gregory, 26
 * Michael Gross, 38
 * Nicole Gross, 31
 * Adrianne Haslet, 32
 * Aaron Hern, 11
 * Marilyn Knight, 63
 * Remy Lawler, 25
 * Michelle L'Heureux
 * Brittany Loring, 29
 * Sarah MacKay, 21
 * Victoria McGrath, 20
 * Ryan C. McMahon, 33
 * J.P. Norden, 31
 * Paul Norden, 33
 * John Odom, 65
 * Karen Rand, 52
 * Caroline Reinsch, 39
 * Gillian Reny, 17
 * Denise Richard
 * Jane Richard, 7
 * Beth Roche, 59
 * Roseann Sdoia, 45
 * Dan Soleau, 36
 * Denise Spenard
 * Jacqui Webb
 * Ann Whalley, 65
 * Eric Whalley, 65
 * Kevin White
 * Mary Jo White
 * William White
 * Christian Williams, 41
 * Lee Ann Yanni, 31
 * Nicholas Yanni, 32
 * David Yepez, 15
 * Unnamed five-year-old boy
 * Unnamed nine-year-old girl
 * At least 201 other unnamed people
 * April 19, Watertown, Massachusetts: The shootout:
 * Richard H. Donahue, Jr.
 * Fifteen other unnamed police officers

On Criminal Minds
Though the Tsarnaev brothers weren't mentioned by name, the Boston Marathon bombings were mentioned in Final Shot alongside the vehicular and cleaver attack that killed Lee Rigby, which was committed by Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale, as examples of recent terrorist attacks.