The Atlanta Child Murders

Wayne Bertram Williams, also known as "The Atlanta Child Killer", is a convicted double murderer and suspected serial killer.

Background
A native of Atlanta, Georgia, Wayne Williams was born in 1958. His parents, Homer and Faye Williams, were both schoolteachers. He attended and graduated from Fredrick Douglas High School with an honors degree and attended Georgia State University for a year before dropping out. He was fascinated with electronics and attempted several get-rich schemes which cost his parents a lot of money. Marketing his own radio station, which he started when he was 16, he also dreamed of making it in the entertainment industry and was a self-employed talent scout. Unfortunately, he wasn't very good at spotting musical talent, often spending huge amounts of money on making demos of local singers with little skills. He made money doing various odd jobs and by taking photos of accidents or crime scenes and selling them to newspapers. Owning a police scanner made it possible for him to get to the scene before police or emergency workers did. He also often used the scanner to listen in on police conversations and proved skilled at impersonating a police officer. He was arrested for doing so in 1976, having put red and blue lights on his car, but no charges were filed.

Arrest and Incarceration
From 1979 to 1981, at least 28 African-American youths were found murdered in Atlanta, Georgia. Almost all of them were minors and most were fatally asphyxiated (sometimes the cause of death was listed as "probable asphyxia" or was undeterminable). The first victims were Edward Hope Smith, who was shot with a .22 gun, and Alfred Evans, whose cause of death was listed as "probable asphyxia", who were found in the same wooded area. Over the following years, victims kept turning up. During 1981, many victims were over 20 years old (they were still added to the authorities "list" of suspected victims). Williams first came to the police's attention in the early hours of May 22, 1981. Two police officers, Freddie Jacobs and Bob Campbell, were stationed near the James Jackson Parkway Bridge, which crossed the Chattahoochee River, where some victims had been found, as well as the line between two counties. Just after Jacobs saw a car he identified as a white 1970 Chevrolet station wagon cross the bridge, Campbell, who was beneath the bridge, heard a loud splash and saw the water ripple. Campbell then radioed an FBI agent, who pulled over the car, which was driven by Williams. He told the police he was on his way to a potential client named Cheryl Johnson, though she was nowhere to be found and the phone number and address at which Williams said she lived turned out to be fake. While he was questioned by the authorities, they searched the area near the bridge for bodies.

On May 24, the nude body of Nathaniel Carter, who had gone missing a few days earlier, was fished out of the Chattahoochee River. The cause of death was ruled as "probable asphyxia" caused by strangulation. Though the medical examiner couldn't determine an exact time of death, he stated that he had been dead long enough to have been dropped from the bridge on the night in question; later, some witnesses claimed to have seen Cater alive in the days between May 21 and May 24, though their statements weren't made public. The investigators obtained search warrants for Williams' home, car and dog to get fiber samples to compare to fibers found on the victims and brought him in for questioning. When the police looked into his whereabouts for the afternoon of May 21, they couldn't confirm his story. They also put him through three polygraph tests, all of which he failed. Williams still maintained that he was innocent and even held a press conference outside his home. Over the following weeks, the FBI forensic labs matched fiber samples found on victims to samples from Williams' environment and witnesses who claimed to have seen Williams with various victims and who claimed to have seen cuts and scratches on his arms turned up. On June 21, Williams was arrested for the murders of Nathaniel Cater and Jimmy Payne, who had died in April.

Williams' trial began on December 28 and has been critisized for treating Williams and his defense unfairly by not giving them the time to prepare properly. The prosecution connected Cater's and Payne's deaths to ten of the other Atlanta child murders, none of which Williams was charged with and many of which didn't even fit the proposed pattern. The defense had little chance against the FBI investigators who were called to testify, but brought in some experts of their own. Some of their testimonies ended in abject failure; the one who reexamined the times of death for Payne and Cater stated that Cater had been dead in the water for at least two weeks even though he hadn't even been missing that long. Williams also lost a great deal of credibility when a number of lies he had spun to people around him as well as his false alibi came out; among them were a friend of Williams who had been told that he flew fighter jets in the U.S. Air Force even though he hadn't done so and couldn't because he wore glasses. The prosecution also brought in witnesses who claimed to have seen Williams with some of the victims. They also stated that the fibers found on the victims and compared to the abundance of fiber evidence collected from Williams' environment showed that it was statistically impossible for anyone other than Williams to be the killer, though it was later remarked that most of the fibers weren't rare. Additionally, no hairs or fibers from the victims were found in Williams' home or car, which is unlikely if he had transported them.

The defense brought in more experts of their own. A hydrologist testified that it would have been impossible for Cater's body to turn up where it was found if it were dropped from the bridge. Another stated that there was no indication that Cater or Payne had actually been murdered; Cater was a known alcohol and drug user and one of them had an enlarged heart who could easily have died of natural causes. They also brought in witnesses whose testimonies rebutted those made by the witnesses who implicated Williams; among them was a police sketch artist who testified that none of the many suspects she had been asked to sketch in during the investigations looked like Williams. Unfortunately, the defense's case was damaged further when William himself was put on the stand and became hostile and angry during the questioning by the district attorney. In January of 1982, Williams was found guilty of killing Payne and Cater and received two life sentences. Not long afterwards, the investigators announced that with him in prison, 22 of the 29 listed Atlanta child killings had been solved.

Still maintaining his innocence, Williams has spent the past decades fighting his conviction and trying to get a retrial while serving his sentence at Hancock State Prison. He has claimed that the investigators covered up evidence of Ku Klux Klan involvment in order to prevent a race war. The claim may have some credence since Charles T. Sanders, a white supremacist affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan, it was revealed in 2006, praised the killings in secretly recorded conversations. Sanders had also threatened to strangle one of the younger victims, Lubie Geter, because of a personal dispute; though Geter was indeed strangled, Sanders was not investigated as a suspect. Other theories include that there were multiple killers. In his book Mindhunter, which was published in 1995, profiler John Douglas stated that Williams probably committed most of the Atlanta child murders, but not all of them. In 2007, attorneys for the State of Georgia allowed Williams' defense to reexamine dog hairs and human scalp hairs found on victim Patrick Baltazar for DNA. The testing of the dog hairs was done by the University of California, Davis and weren't too conclusive; since they only had mitochondrial DNA to work with, they couldn't be used to identify a single, unique dog as the source. The testing of the human hairs, on the other hand, was carried out by the FBI's lab in Quantico, Virginia and bore more fruit. They contained a very rare sequence of DNA that's only present in 29 of the 1148 African-American hair samples in the FBI database and not present in any of the Caucasian and Hispanic samples.

Modus Operandi
Since Williams has maintained his innocence in the case, the details of how he killed Cater and Payne are uncertain. It was however stated during the trial that both showed no physical signs of having been abducted, suggesting that he used some kind of ruse. Cater was apparently asphyxiated, probably by strangulation, but Payne's cause of death remains unknown.

Known Victims
Note: The dates in both of the following lists denote the date of the victim's disappearance.

Confirmed
The murders for which Williams was convicted
 * 1981:
 * April 21: Jimmy Ray Payne, 21
 * May 22: Nathaniel Cater, 27

Suspected
The other victims of the Atlanta Child Murders
 * 1979:
 * July 21: Edward Hope Smith, 14
 * July 25: Alfred Evans, 13
 * October 21: Yusef Bell, 9
 * September 4: Milton Harvey, 14
 * 1980:
 * March 4: Angel Lenair, 12
 * March 11: Jeffery Mathis, 10
 * May 18: Eric Middlebrooks, 14
 * June 9: Chris Richardson, 12
 * June 22: LaTonya Wilson, 7
 * June 23: Aaron Wyche, 10
 * July 6: Anthony Carter, 9
 * July 30: Earl Terell, 11
 * August 20: Clifford Jones, 13
 * September 14: Darren Glass, 10
 * October 9: Charles Stephens, 13
 * November 1: Aaron Jackson, 9
 * November 10: Patrick Rogers, 16
 * 1981:
 * Unspecified day in January: Faye Yearby, 22
 * January 3: Lubie Geter, 14
 * January 22: Terry Pue, 15
 * February 6: Patrick Baltazar, 11
 * February 19: Curtis Walker, 15
 * March 2: Joseph Bell, 15
 * March 13: Timothy Hill, 13
 * March 20: Eddie Duncan, 21
 * March 25: Michael McIntosh, 23
 * April 9: Larry Rogers, 20
 * April 12: John Porter, 28

On Criminal Minds
Williams was mentioned in Finishing School when Rossi suggests that the UnSub, who wrapped his victims in plastic, did so to avoid leaving behind fiber evidence and Reid remarks that played a part in convicting Williams. Additionally, serial killer Terrance Wakeland appears to have some basis in Williams since both were African-American, both were killers, they were around the same age and did some work in the music business.