George Metesky

"Bombs will continue until the Consolidated Edison Company is brought to justice for their dastardly acts against me."

George Metesky, aka "The Mad Bomber", was a serial bomber who terrorized New York City for a decade during the 1940s-1950s.

Background
Born in 1903, Metesky had two sisters. After World War I, he joined the U.S. Marines, in which he served as a specialist electrician at the U.S. Consulate in Shanghai. Back in the U.S., he took a job as a mechanic for the Consolidated Edison utility company and lived in Waterbury, Connecticut with his unmarried sisters. On September 5, 1931, working as a generator wiper in New York City, he was severely injured when a boiler backfired, the resulting release of hot gases knocking Metesky down. His lungs were filled with the fumes, choking him. The accident left him crippled and later led to pneumonia, which in turn led to tuberculosis. After collecting 26 weeks' worth of sick pay, he was fired. He tried to make a worker's compensation claim, but was rejected as he waited too long. He made three appeals, all of which failed. He grew deeply resentful towards Con Edison, believing them to have rejected his claims in order not to pay up.

Bombings
Eventually snapping, Metesky planted his first bomb in 1940. It was put in a wooden toolbox and left on a window sill at a Con Edison power plant in Manhattan. Fortunately, it was found before it could go off. Wrapped around the bomb was a hand-written note reading "CON EDISON CROOKS - THIS IS FOR YOU". Because the note was wrapped around the bomb, investigators speculated whether it was an intentional dud since the note would have been destroyed if the bomb went off. Metesky's next bomb, which had a similar detonation mechanism, was planted near Con Edison's headquarters and was also a dud. When the U.S. entered World War II after the Empire of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Metesky sent a letter, again using the signature "F.P.", to the police promising not to make any more bombs while the U.S. were involved in the war because his "patriotic feelings" led him to his decision. Between 1941 and 1951, Metesky, true to his word, did not make any bombs, though he kept sending letters to newspapers, the police, private civilians and, of course, Consolidated Edison.

Between 1951 and 1956, Metesky placed several bombs in public places, such as phone booths, libraries and public transportation centers, leaving the bombs in storage lockers and public restrooms. Among his most notable attacks were when he planted bombs in movie theaters, cutting open the chairs' upholstery and concealing the bombs inside. The first of this string of bombs, which was the first bomb planted by Metesky to actually go off, was placed in an ash tray at Grand Central Terminal and exploded on March 29, 1951, injuring no-one. In April and August, two more non-harmful bombs in placed in phone booths went off at the New York Public Library and Grand Central, respectively. His next bomb exploded in a phone booth near the Consolidated Edison headquarters and also harmed no-one. He also mailed a bomb, which didn’t explode, to the company itself. In October, he sent a letter to the New York Herald Tribune, vowing to continue exploding bombs until Con Edison was "brought to justice" for "their dastardly acts against [him]". The letter also directed them to two more bomb locations, only one of which concealed a bomb.

In 1952, Metesky planted one bomb in March, June and December. The first exploded in a phone booth at the Port Authority Bus Terminal, harming no-one. The two latter bombs were planted in seats at a theater on Lexington Avenue. The December bombing injured one person and was Metesky’s first human casualty. Though the police tried to suppress keep the case quiet, the public was becoming aware that the "Mad Bomber" was on the loose. In 1953, Metesky is performed bombings at Radio City Music Hall and the Capitol Theater. An undetonated bomb was also found in a locker at Pennsylvania Station. None of the bombings that year injured anyone. His next bombing, in a men’s room at Grand Central Terminal in 1954, injured three men. The same year, a bomb exploded in a phone booth and injured no-one. Another bomb was found in a public phone taken down for repairs. On November 7, a bomb concealed in the seat of a movie theater exploded during a screening of White Christmas, injuring four people. In 1955, five bombs were detonated, none of them injuring anyone. One bomb at Radio City Music Hall and one in Roxy Theater were found and didn’t go off. In 1956, a 74-year old bathroom attendant at Pennsylvania Station was seriously injured when a bomb blew up in a toilet bowl when the victim tried to clean it. When a bomb was found at the RCA Building in Rockefeller Center, a guard, not realizing that it was an explosive device, thought it could be used for plumbing and brought it home, where it exploded without injuring anyone. On December 2, six people were injured when a bomb went off at the Paramount Theater. The next day, Police Commissioner Stephen P. Kennedy ordered a massive manhunt due to the great media coverage the incident received. On December 24, a bomb was found at the New York Public Library and disarmed. Metesky later said that it was "by the hand of God" that nobody was killed by any of his bombs.

Capture and Incarceration
Throughout Metesky's campaign of bombings, the police had investigated his crimes thoroughly, but come up empty. Though his letters indicated clearly that the perpetrator held a deep grudge against Consolidated Edison, no good suspect could be found even through lawsuit records, mental hospital records, etc. People kept making reports about neighbors or colleagues they suspected. False bomb reports and phony copycats were also responsible for distracting the police and wasting their time and resources. Because traditional means of investigation led nowhere, police captain John Cronin contacted Dr. James A. Brussel, a criminologist and psychiatrist, and asked him for advice in 1956. Brussel developed a detailed offender profile of the Mad Bomber based on the evidence and the letters. This was one of the first and most successful uses of offender profiling. The profile was publicized on December 25 the same year all over the media and led to even more fake bomb threats, hoaxes and false confessions. On December 26, the New York American News Journal published a letter composed by the police urging the bomber to turn himself in, promising that he would be given a fair trial. Metesky replied the next day, saying he would not surrender.

On January 18, 1957, a Consolidated Edison clerk named Alice Kelly was going over worker's compensation claims and, having read the profile, noticed that his letters used phrases much like the ones the Mad Bomber had used in his letters, including "dastardly deeds". When an injury date mentioned in a Bomber letter matched the date of Metesky's workplace injury, a warrant was issued. New York police officers, accompanied by their Waterbury counterparts, visited Metesky with a search warrant shortly before midnight on January 21. In his home in Waterbury, they found bomb-making components, socks like the ones he had used to conceal the bombs. When asked what "F.P." stood for, Metesky claimed it stood for "Fair Play". Getting dressed to go to the police station, he put on a double-breasted suit and buttoned it; Brussel had predicted that the Mad Bomber would wear that exact kind of jacket when he was arrested. At the station, Metesky recounted his many bomb locations, never actually using the word "bomb", calling his explosive devices "units". He confessed to the 32 bombs and was indicted on a total of 47 charges for attempted murder, damaging a building by explosion, malicious endangerment of life and carrying concealed weapons. After a court psychiatrist found Metesky to be a paranoid schizophrenic, he was deemed mentally unfit to stand trial and placed in a mental hospital. Though his therapy led nowhere, his physical treatment did wonders for his tuberculosis and after a year and a half, his condition had greatly improved. On December 13, 1973, he was released on the one condition that he make regular visits to a mental health clinic near where he lived. He moved back into his Waterbury home and remained there until he died in 1994, aged 90.

Modus Operandi
Metesky's bombs were pipe bombs filled with gunpowder. Many of them used timers made of flashlight batteries and cheap pocket watches. He often concealed them in wool socks, which he also sometimes used to suspend them. The bombs were often signed "FP", which Metesky later claimed stood for "Fair Play".

Profile
Brussel's profile of the Mad Bomber was as follows, beyond his hatred of Consolidated Edison:

''Male, as historically most bombers were male. Well proportioned and of average build, based on studies of hospitalized mental patients. Forty to fifty years old, as paranoia develops slowly. Precise, neat and tidy, based on his letters and the workmanship of his bombs. An exemplary employee, on time and well-behaved. A Slav, because bombs were favored in Middle Europe. A Catholic, because most Slavs were Catholic. Courteous but not friendly. Has a good education but probably not college. Foreign-born or living in a community of the foreign-born – the formal tone and old-fashioned phrasing of the letters sounded to Brussel as if they had been written or thought out in a foreign language and then translated into English. Based on the rounded letter "w's" of the handwriting, believed to represent breasts, and the slashing and stuffing of theater seats, Brussel thought something about sex was troubling the bomber, possible an Oedipus complex — loving his mother and hating his father and other authority figures. A loner, no friends, little interest in women, possibly a virgin. Unmarried, perhaps living with an older female relative. Probably lives in Connecticut, as Connecticut has high concentrations of Slavs, and many of the bomber's letters were posted in Westchester County, midway between Connecticut and New York City.''

Brussel also correctly predicted that the Bomber, when being arrested, would be wearing a buttoned double-breasted jacket.

On Criminal Minds
Metesky was first referenced in Extreme Aggressor, when Morgan quizes a group of FBI trainees about criminals. One of them remarks that Metesky never actually killed anyone. Metesky was mentioned again in A Real Rain during a dinner conversation; Gideon brings him up as an example of successful offender profiling, referring to how spot-on Brussel's profile was. Metesky was also mentioned in the novel Killer Profile.